BCom Notes Part II Management Evolution of Management

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Evolution of Management

Briefly describe the evolution of management thought from early days to modern times. OR

Examine the evolution of management thought from the early pioneers to modern thinkers.

OR

Describe briefly various schools or management thought prevalent from time to time.

Growth and Development of Management Thought

The management thought has grown and developed gradually in the following stages:

1. Early Era

The is known as pre-scientific management era. During this era the management finally came into being as a separate field of study and research.

2. Scientific Management Era

During this era some principles of scientific management were developed. This era saw great advances in management practice by application of empirical studies to determine faster and better methods of production.

3. Processes or Functional or Administrative Era

During this era, a clear distinction was made between technical activities and managerial activities. Planning, organizing, command, coordination and control were recognized as managerial activities. The organization was recognized as a rational-legal structure.

4. Human Relations Era

During this era, special emphasis was laid on “worker” aspect of the organization. It was pleaded that workers should be cared as human assets of the enterprise.

5. Behavioral Or Social Sciences Era

During this era, the individual, the work groups and the participative management aspects were emphasized.

6. Management Science Or Quantitative Era

This era saw the scholars to lay emphasis on rational decision-making and use of mathematical techniques for managing the organizations.

7. Modern Era

During this era, emphasis is being laid on treating the organization as a system composed of interrelated and interdependent parts, working in its specific environment. Moreover, it has been experienced and advocated that there is no one best way of dealing with a situation. The manager has to find a best way in each specific situation depending on the different circumstances of the individual case.