BSc BA ADP FSc ICS FA ICom English Essay Indo-Pak Relations / Relationship Between India and Pakistan With Outline & Quotations Essay Notes Online Taleem Ilmi Hub
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1. Introduction
- History of Indo-Pak relationship
- Some successful treaties proved blessing for Pakistan
- Jammu and Kashmir, the main cause of dispute
- Both, Pakistan and India considered their properties
3. Indo-Pak wars
- 1965 war and its results
- 1971 war and its consequences
4. Meetings of the politicians
- Many military and political people discussed the matter
- Both countries must solve the problem of Kashmir
5. Conclusion
ESSAY:
India and Pakistan have a long history of relationship. Pakistan came into existence on 14th August 1947, after great struggle of Muslims. The Indian leaders were not ready to accept independence and individuality of Pakistan. Although in the beginning Pakistan faced many problems yet in the later years Pakistan proved the forgoing statement wrong. Jammu and Kashmir, a correction of culturally district regions, were the main cause of dispute between India and Pakistan. India said that the state of Jammu and Kashmir belonged to India, because by the October 1947 instruments of accession the Maharaja had finally agreed to join India. In the first Indo-Pakistan war started after armed tribesmen from Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province invaded Kashmir in October 1947.
In April 1965, a clash between border patrols eructed into fighting in the Rann-of -Kutch, a sparely inhabited region along with the South Western Indo-Pakistan border. In early September, Indian army crossed the international border at Lahore. After three weeks, both India and Pakistan agreed to a UN sponsored ceasefire. Indo-Pakistan relations deteriorated again when civil war erupted in Pakistan, putting the West Pakistan army against East Pakistanis. In December, India invaded East Pakistan in support of the East Pakistani people. The Pakistani army surrendered at Dhaka and its army of more than 90,000 Pakistani soldiers became Indian prisoners of war. East Pakistan became an independent country naming Bangladesh on 16 December, 1971. Later regional tensions were reduced by the Simla accord of 1972 and by Pakistan's recognition of Bangladesh in 1974. The Simla accord committed both sides to work through outstanding issues. In 1996, Pakistani and Indian military officers met on the time of control, dividing the state of Jammu and Kashmir to ease tension after clashes. In 1997, in a speech at the UN, Pakistani Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif offered to open talks. In way, 1998, India conducted underground nuclear tests in the Western desert state of Rajastan near the border with Pakistan. In response Pakistan conducted six tests in Balochistan. Later both sides were heavily criticized by the international community.
For the first time in nearly 30 years, in May 1999, India launched air strikes against Pakistani backed forces that had infiltrated into the mountains in Indian occupied Kashmir, north of Kargil. Pakistan responded by putting its troops on high alert as the fighting built up towards a direct conflict between the two states. In October 1999, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in Pakistan depending elected Prime Minister M. Nawaz Sharif. Tension along the line of control continued. The worst fighting for more than a year broke out in October with India, who blamed Pakistan for cross-border terrorism and started shelling on Pakistani military positions. On 13th December 2000, an armed attack on the India parliament in Delhi caused the death of many people. India again blamed Pakistan. In January 2002, President Musharraf called on the Government of India to resolve the dispute of Jammu and Kashmir through dialogues. On June 20, 2004 both countries agreed to extend nuclear testing ban and to set up a hotline between their foreign secretaries aimed at preventing misunderstanding that might lead to a nuclear war.
There are some other important issues which create dispute between Pakistan and India. If they are solved the. Indo-Pak relations can be improved. Firstly, both must solve the problem of Kashmir according to the demand of Kashmiris. Secondly, India must stop blaming Pakistan. Thirdly, they must start healthy trade and cultural link. In this way , all the clashes can be removed.
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